Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment: Advancements, Challenges and Future Directions

Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality encyclopedically, challenging the development of innovative and effective curatives. Nanotechnology has surfaced as a transformative approach in cancer treatment, offering unique advantages similar to targeted medicine delivery, controlled release, and reduced systemic toxin. By exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, nanoparticles enable picky accumulation in tumor tissues, minimizing off-target goods. Multifunctional nanocarriers, including ding liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon-grounded nanostructures, are being developed to deliver chemotherapeutics, gene curatives, and immunomodulators. Also nanotechnology facilitates advancements in theranostics, integrating grating remedy and diagnostics for real-time excrescence monitoring. Innovative operations, similarto similar photothermal remedy, photodynamic remedy, and generemedy, further enhance the remedial eventuality of nanotechnology. Despite these promising advancements, advancemen challenges similar to the toxin, scalability, and nonsupervisory walls must be addressed to ensure clinical restatement. This review highlights the part of nanotechnology in revolutionizing cancer remedies, its current operations, and unborn directions toward substantiated and effective treatments.