STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FORENSIC SEROLOGICAL SAMPLES

Abstract
Historically, serology played a key role in forensic science through blood group typing, which was widely used to differentiate individuals and link them to forensic evidence before the advent of DNA profiling. However, since the 1990s, DNA profiling has largely replaced serology, limiting its use to presumptive and confirmatory tests. Despite this, serological analysis remains valuable in cases where DNA evidence is unavailable, such as bloodstains with a low white blood cell count caused by conditions like AIDS. The field of serology is experiencing a revival with the emergence of forensic proteomics, which utilizes soluble proteins for analysis. Proteins, expressed uniquely in different cell types and forms, including enzymes and antibodies, enable serology to differentiate between human tissues (body fluids).
individuals, and even species (Geyer et al., 2021). serology and blood analysis remain vital components of
forensic science, offering critical tools for identifying bodily fluids and aiding in legal investigations.